Product Name:	Mouse Follistatin ELISA Kit
Product Code:	MOFI00171
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	Fst, Follistatin
Detection Method:	Sandwich ELISA
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Mouse Fst concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	0.188ng/ml
Range:	0.313-20ng/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Mouse Fst and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Mouse Fst in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	85-102	94
EDTA plasma(n=5)	87-99	93
UFH plasma(n=5)	90-101	96

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Mouse Fst and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	90-102%	87-104%	91-99%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	91-101%	83-99%	86-98%
UFH plasma(n=5)	84-99%	80-98%	84-99%

Intra Assay:

CV <8%

Inter Assay:

CV <10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

P47931

UniProt Protein Function:	FST: Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted Cellular Component: cytoplasm; extracellular region; nucleus Molecular Function:heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding; activin binding Biological Process: BMP signaling pathway; positive regulation of hair follicle development; negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of cell differentiation; hair follicle morphogenesis; gamete generation; hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation; keratinocyte proliferation; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; pattern specification process; skeletal development; female gonad development; odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
NCBI Summary:	The protein encoded by this gene binds to and negatively regulates activin, as well as other members of the transforming growth factor beta family, and acts to prevent uncontrolled cellular proliferation. This protein also contains a heparin-binding sequence. It is expressed in many of the tissues in which activin is synthesized and is thought to clear activin from the circulation by attachment to the cell surface. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode multiple protein isoforms, including FST315 and FST288, that differ at their C-terminus. Another isoform, FST303 is thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage of FST315. These isoforms differ in their localization and in their ability to bind heparin. While FST315 is a circulating protein, FST288 is tissue-bound, and FST303 is gonad-specific. While deletion of all isoforms results in embryonic lethality, expression of just FST288 is sufficient for embryonic development, but the resultant mice have fertility defects. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]
UniProt Code:	P47931
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	672890584
NCBI Gene ID:	14313
NCBI Accession:	NP_001288302.1
UniProt Related Accession:	P47931
Molecular Weight:	31.6
NCBI Full Name:	follistatin FST315
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	follistatin
NCBI Official Symbol:	Fst
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	FS; AL033346
NCBI Protein Information:	follistatin
UniProt Protein Name:	Follistatin
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Activin-binding protein
Protein Family:	Follistatin
UniProt Gene Name:	Fst
UniProt Entry Name:	FST_MOUSE

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Step	Procedure
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample (Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µL of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µL of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum:	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma:	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid:	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant:	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates:	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20°C.
Tissue homogenates:	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates:	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk:	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.