Product Name:	Human TSHR / Thyrotropin receptor ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI02163
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	TSHR, CHNG1, LGR3, CHNG1, LGR3hTSHR-I, seven transmembrane helix receptor, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, thyrotropin receptor, thyrotropin receptor-I, hTSHR-I, TSH-R
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human TSHR concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	18.75pg/ml
Range:	31.25-2000pg/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human TSHR and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human TSHR in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	86-105	97
EDTA plasma(n=5)	85-104	93
UFH plasma(n=5)	89-103	97

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human TSHR and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	87-102%	86-101%	87-105%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	88-100%	85-101%	91-99%
UFH plasma(n=5)	86-97%	81-99%	88-98%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

P16473

UniProt Protein Function:	TSHR: Receptor for thyrothropin. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Also acts as a receptor for thyrostimulin (GPA2+GPB5). Defects in TSHR are found in patients affected by hyperthyroidism with different etiologies. Somatic, constitutively activating TSHR mutations and/or constitutively activating G(s)alpha mutations have been identified in toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs) that are the predominant cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine deficient areas. These mutations lead to TSH independent activation of the cAMP cascade resulting in thyroid growth and hormone production. TSHR mutations are found in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas (HTA). TMNG encompasses a spectrum of different clinical entities, ranging from a single hyperfunctioning nodule within an enlarged thyroid, to multiple hyperfunctioning areas scattered throughout the gland. HTA are discrete encapsulated neoplasms characterized by TSH- independent autonomous growth, hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, and TSH suppression. Defects in TSHR are also a cause of thyroid neoplasms (papillary and follicular cancers). Autoantibodies against TSHR are directly responsible for the pathogenesis and hyperthyroidism of Graves disease. Antibody interaction with TSHR results in an uncontrolled receptor stimulation. Defects in TSHR are the cause of congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous type 1 (CHNG1); also known as congenital hypothyroidism due to TSH resistance. CHNG1 is a non-autoimmune condition characterized by resistance to thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to increased levels of plasma TSH and low levels of thyroid hormone. CHNG1 presents variable severity depending on the completeness of the defect. Most patients are euthyroid and asymptomatic, with a normal sized thyroid gland. Only a subset of patients develop hypothyroidism and present a hypoplastic thyroid gland. Defects in TSHR are the cause of familial gestational hyperthyroidism (HTFG). HTFG is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones occurring during early pregnancy. Defects in TSHR are the cause of hyperthyroidism non- autoimmune (HTNA). It is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones, thyroid hyperplasia, goiter and lack of anti-thyroid antibodies. Typical features of Graves disease such as exophthalmia, myxedema, antibodies anti-TSH receptor and lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland are absent. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. FSH/LSH/TSH subfamily. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:GPCR, family 1; Receptor, GPCR; Membrane protein, multi-pass; Membrane protein, integral Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 14q31 Cellular Component: integral to plasma membrane; plasma membrane; receptor complex Molecular Function:protein binding; thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity Biological Process: G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; cell-cell signaling; positive regulation of cell proliferation Disease: Hyperthyroidism, Nonautoimmune; Hypothyroidism, Congenital, Nongoitrous, 1; Hyperthyroidism, Familial Gestational
NCBI Summary:	The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein and a major controller of thyroid cell metabolism. The encoded protein is a receptor for thyrothropin and thyrostimulin, and its activity is mediated by adenylate cyclase. Defects in this gene are a cause of several types of hyperthyroidism. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]
UniProt Code:	P16473
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	62298994
NCBI Gene ID:	7253
NCBI Accession:	P16473.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P16473,Q16503, Q8TB90, Q96GT6, Q9P1V4, Q9ULA3, Q9UPH3 A0PJU7, F5GYU5, G3V2A9,
UniProt Related Accession:	P16473
Molecular Weight:	86,830 Da
NCBI Full Name:	Thyrotropin receptor
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor
NCBI Official Symbol:	TSHR
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	LGR3; CHNG1; hTSHR-I
NCBI Protein Information:	thyrotropin receptor; thyrotropin receptor-I, hTSHR-I; seven transmembrane helix receptor; thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, isoform 2
UniProt Protein Name:	Thyrotropin receptor
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
UniProt Gene Name:	TSHR
UniProt Entry Name:	TSHR_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.