Product Name:	Human PPARgC1A / Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI01061
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	PPARGC1A, Peroxisome prolifeRator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC-1-alpha, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PPARGC-1-alpha, Ligand effect modulator 6, LEM6, PGC1, PGC1A, PPARGC1, PGC-1v
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human PPARGC1A concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	0.188ng/ml
Range:	0.313-20ng/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human PPARGC1A and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human PPARGC1A in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	85-104	92
EDTA plasma(n=5)	87-104	97
UFH plasma(n=5)	90-99	94

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human PPARGC1A and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	86-103%	87-105%	87-97%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	85-100%	88-99%	85-92%
UFH plasma(n=5)	85-99%	85-99%	89-98%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

Q9UBK2

UniProt Protein Function:	PGC-1 alpha: a transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor genes. Interacts with, and regulates the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). Regulates many genes involved in energy metabolism. Provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. May be involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity. Its transcription is repressed by ZNF746 which binds to 'insulin response sequences' in its promoter. Heavily acetylated by GCN5 and biologically inactive under conditions of high nutrients. Deacetylated by SIRT1 in low nutrients/high NAD conditions.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Transcription, coactivator/corepressor Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4p15.2 Cellular Component: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; nucleoplasm; nucleus Molecular Function:chromatin DNA binding; DNA binding; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity; protein binding; RNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription coactivator activity; transcription factor binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding Biological Process: brown fat cell differentiation; cellular respiration; circadian regulation of gene expression; circadian rhythm; digestion; mitochondrion organization and biogenesis; mRNA processing; negative regulation of neuron apoptosis; positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation; positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; positive regulation of histone acetylation; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; protein complex assembly; protein stabilization; regulation of circadian rhythm; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; response to muscle activity; RNA splicing; thermoregulation; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
NCBI Summary:	The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with PPARgamma, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. This protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	Q9UBK2
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	47117335
NCBI Gene ID:	10891
NCBI Accession:	Q9UBK2.1
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q9UBK2,Q3LIG1, Q4W5M7, Q9UN32, B7Z406, G8DM16, I3RTT5 I3RTT6, I3RTT7, I3RTT8, I3RTT9,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q9UBK2
Molecular Weight:	91kDa
NCBI Full Name:	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha
NCBI Official Symbol:	PPARGC1A
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	LEM6; PGC1; PGC1A; PGC-1v; PPARGC1; PGC-1alpha; PGC-1(alpha)
NCBI Protein Information:	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
UniProt Protein Name:	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Ligand effect modulator 6
Protein Family:	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
UniProt Gene Name:	PPARGC1A

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.