Assay type:	Competitive-ELISA
Format:	96T
Assay time:	2.5h
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Method:	Colormetric
Detection Range:	0.16-10 ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.10 ng/mL
Sample Volume:	50µL
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma and other biological fluids
Specificity:	This kit recognizes Human PCX in samples. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human PCX and analogues was observed.

This ELISA kit uses Sandwich-ELISA as the method. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human PCX. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human PCX and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added to each micro plate well successively and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human PCX, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by adding Stop Solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human PCX. The concentration of Human PCX in samples can be calculated by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

UniProt Protein Function:	PODXL: Involved in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. Function as an anti-adhesive molecule that maintains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. Acts as a pro-adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands, increasing the rate of migration and cell- cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner. Induces the formation of apical actin-dependent microvilli. Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma membrane subdomain to set up inital epithelial polarization and the apical lumen formation during renal tubulogenesis. Plays a role in cancer development and aggressiveness by inducing cell migration and invasion through its interaction with the actin-binding protein EZR. Affects EZR- dependent signaling events, leading to increased activities of the MAPK and PI3K pathways in cancer cells. Belongs to the podocalyxin family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Membrane protein, integral; Cell adhesion Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7q32-q33 Cellular Component: ruffle; extracellular space; microvillus membrane; lamellipodium; integral to plasma membrane; apical plasma membrane; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; lipid raft; filopodium Molecular Function:protein binding Biological Process: cell migration; negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion; negative regulation of cell adhesion; cell adhesion; positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin; leukocyte migration; regulation of microvillus biogenesis; positive regulation of cell migration
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a member of the sialomucin protein family. The encoded protein was originally identified as an important component of glomerular podocytes. Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells with interdigitating foot processes covering the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. Other biological activities of the encoded protein include: binding in a membrane protein complex with Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor to intracellular cytoskeletal elements, playing a role in hematopoetic cell differentiation, and being expressed in vascular endothelium cells and binding to L-selectin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	O00592
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	229462740
NCBI Gene ID:	5420
NCBI Accession:	O00592. 2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	O00592,Q52LZ7, Q53ER6, A6NHX8,
UniProt Related Accession:	O00592
Molecular Weight:	558
NCBI Full Name:	Podocalyxin
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	podocalyxin-like
NCBI Official Symbol:	PODXL
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	PC; PCLP; Gp200; PCLP-1
NCBI Protein Information:	podocalyxin; GCTM-2 antigen; podocalyxin-like protein 1
UniProt Protein Name:	Podocalyxin
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	GCTM-2 antigen; Gp200; Podocalyxin-like protein 1; PC; PCLP-1
Protein Family:	Podocalyxin
UniProt Gene Name:	PODXL
UniProt Entry Name:	PODXL_HUMAN

As the OD values of the standard curve may vary according to the conditions of the actual assay performance (e. g. operator, pipetting technique, washing technique or temperature effects), the operator should establish a standard curve for each test. Typical standard curve and data is provided below for reference only.

Concentration(ng/mL)	O.D	Average
10	0.295 0.296	0.296
5	0.447 0.444	0.446
2.5	0.642 0.644	0.646
1.25	0.894 0.855	0.875
0.63	1.183 1.197	1.19
0.32	1.4 1.486	1.443
0.16	1.815 1.804	1.81
0	2.213 2.235	2.224

Precision

Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, mid range and high level Human PCX were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively.

Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, mid range and high level Human PCX were tested on 3 different plates, 20 replicates in each plate.

	Intra-assay Precision			Inter-assay Precision
Sample	1	2	3	1	2	3
n	20	20	20	20	20	20
Mean (ng/mL)	0.47	1.03	4.45	0.41	1.22	4.41
Standard deviation	0.03	0.05	0.21	0.02	0.06	0.21
C V (%)	6.38	4.85	4.72	4.88	4.92	4.76

Recovery

The recovery of Human PCX spiked at three different levels in samples throughout the range of the assay was evaluated in various matrices.

Sample Type	Range (%)	Average Recovery (%)
Serum (n=5)	97-110	102
EDTA plasma (n=5)	97-109	101
Cell culture media (n=5)	93-100	96

Linearity

Samples were spiked with high concentrations of Human PCX and diluted with Reference Standard & Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the range of the assay.

		Serum (n=5)	EDTA plasma (n=5)	Cell culture media (n=5)
1:2	Range (%)	86-99	91-105	95-103
1:2	Average (%)	92	98	100
1:4	Range (%)	88-101	92-100	96-106
1:4	Average (%)	94	97	101
1:8	Range (%)	91-97	97-107	97-105
1:8	Average (%)	94	101	100
1:16	Range (%)	85-93	90-98	92-99
1:16	Average (%)	90	95	96

An unopened kit can be stored at 4°C for 1 month. If the kit is not used within 1 month, store the items separately according to the following conditions once the kit is received.

Item	Specifications	Storage
Micro ELISA Plate(Dismountable)	8 wells ×12 strips	-20°C, 6 months
Reference Standard	2 vials
Concentrated Biotinylated Detection Ab (100×)	1 vial, 120 µL
Concentrated HRP Conjugate (100×)	1 vial, 120 µL	-20°C(shading light), 6 months
Reference Standard & Sample Diluent	1 vial, 20 mL	4°C, 6 months
Biotinylated Detection Ab Diluent	1 vial, 14 mL
HRP Conjugate Diluent	1 vial, 14 mL
Concentrated Wash Buffer (25×)	1 vial, 30 mL
Substrate Reagent	1 vial, 10 mL	4°C(shading light)
Stop Solution	1 vial, 10 mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5 pieces
Product Description	1 copy
Certificate of Analysis	1 copy

Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate and record theirpositions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Note: addall solutions to the bottom of the plate wells while avoiding contact with the well walls. Ensuresolutions do not foam when adding to the wells.
Aliquot 100µl of standard solutions into the standard wells.
Add 100µl of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
Add 100µl of properly diluted sample (serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and otherbiological fluids) into test sample wells.
Cover the plate with the sealer provided in the kit and incubate for 90 min at 37°C.
Aspirate the liquid from each well, do not wash. Immediately add 100µL of BiotinylatedDetection Ab working solution to each well. Cover the plate with a plate seal and gently mix. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C.
Aspirate or decant the solution from the plate and add 350µL of wash buffer to each welland incubate for 1-2 minutes at room temperature. Aspirate the solution from each well andclap the plate on absorbent filter paper to dry. Repeat this process 3 times. Note: a microplatewasher can be used in this step and other wash steps.
Add 100µL of HRP Conjugate working solution to each well. Cover with a plate seal andincubate for 30 min at 37°C.
Aspirate or decant the solution from each well. Repeat the wash process for five times asconducted in step 7.
Add 90µL of Substrate Reagent to each well. Cover with a new plate seal and incubate forapproximately 15 min at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. Note: the reaction time can beshortened or extended according to the actual color change, but not by more than 30min.
Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Note: Adding the stop solution should be done inthe same order as the substrate solution.
Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well immediately with a microplate readerset at 450 nm.