Product Name:	Human HTT / Huntingtin ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI01070
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	HTT, Huntingtin, Huntington disease protein, HD protein, HD, IT15
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human HTT concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	9.375pg/ml
Range:	15.625-1000pg/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human HTT and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human HTT in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	87-103	96
EDTA plasma(n=5)	89-96	91
UFH plasma(n=5)	86-104	97

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human HTT and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	85-100%	93-105%	87-95%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	84-100%	85-97%	84-91%
UFH plasma(n=5)	88-98%	80-99%	80-100%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

P42858

UniProt Protein Function:	Huntingtin: may play a role in microtubule-mediated transport or vesicle function. Widely expressed with the highest level of expression in the brain (nerve fibers, varicosities, and nerve endings). In the brain, the regions where it can be mainly found are the cerebellar cortex, the neocortex, the striatum, and the hippocampal formation. Defects are the cause of Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons. This is thought to be caused by an expanded, unstable trinucleotide repeat in the Huntingtin gene, which translates as a polyglutamine repeat in the protein product. The Huntingtin locus is large, spanning 180 kb and consisting of 67 exons. The Huntingtin gene is widely expressed and is required for normal development. It is expressed as 2 alternatively polyadenylated isoforms displaying different relative abundance in various fetal and adult tissues.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Cytoskeletal Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4p16.3 Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; Golgi apparatus; protein complex; cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; mitochondrion; axon; endoplasmic reticulum; late endosome; dendrite; cytoplasm; autophagic vacuole; inclusion body; cytosol; nucleus Molecular Function:identical protein binding; protein binding; p53 binding; dynein intermediate chain binding; beta-tubulin binding; diazepam binding; transcription factor binding Biological Process: ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; citrulline metabolic process; paraxial mesoderm formation; regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity; regulation of synaptic plasticity; locomotory behavior; determination of adult life span; endosome transport; anterior/posterior pattern formation; L-glutamate import; regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; establishment of mitotic spindle orientation; protein import into nucleus; organ development; quinolinate biosynthetic process; retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER; vesicle transport along microtubule; visual learning; negative regulation of neuron apoptosis; Golgi organization and biogenesis; grooming behavior; endoplasmic reticulum organization and biogenesis; positive regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity; striatum development; axon cargo transport; cell aging; olfactory lobe development; social behavior; lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate; neuron apoptosis; iron ion homeostasis; insulin secretion; dopamine receptor signaling pathway; hormone metabolic process; neuron development; spermatogenesis; regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability; response to calcium ion; neural plate formation; urea cycle Disease: Huntington Disease
NCBI Summary:	Huntingtin is a disease gene linked to Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons. This is thought to be caused by an expanded, unstable trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene, which translates as a polyglutamine repeat in the protein product. A fairly broad range in the number of trinucleotide repeats has been identified in normal controls, and repeat numbers in excess of 40 have been described as pathological. The huntingtin locus is large, spanning 180 kb and consisting of 67 exons. The huntingtin gene is widely expressed and is required for normal development. It is expressed as 2 alternatively polyadenylated forms displaying different relative abundance in various fetal and adult tissues. The larger transcript is approximately 13.7 kb and is expressed predominantly in adult and fetal brain whereas the smaller transcript of approximately 10.3 kb is more widely expressed. The genetic defect leading to Huntington's disease may not necessarily eliminate transcription, but may confer a new property on the mRNA or alter the function of the protein. One candidate is the huntingtin-associated protein-1, highly expressed in brain, which has increased affinity for huntingtin protein with expanded polyglutamine repeats. This gene contains an upstream open reading frame in the 5' UTR that inhibits expression of the huntingtin gene product through translational repression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	P42858
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	296434520
NCBI Gene ID:	3064
NCBI Accession:	P42858.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P42858,Q9UQB7,
UniProt Related Accession:	P42858
Molecular Weight:
NCBI Full Name:	Huntingtin
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	huntingtin
NCBI Official Symbol:	HTT
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	HD; IT15
NCBI Protein Information:	huntingtin; huntington disease protein
UniProt Protein Name:	Huntingtin
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Huntington disease protein; HD protein
Protein Family:	HD protein
UniProt Gene Name:	HTT
UniProt Entry Name:	HD_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.