Product Name:	Human Axin-1 ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI02140
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	AXIN1, axin 1, axin-1, AXINaxis inhibitor 1, Axis inhibition protein 1, fused, Mouse, homolog of, hAxin, MGC52315
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human AXIN1 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	0.094ng/ml
Range:	0.156-10ng/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human AXIN1 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human AXIN1 in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	87-100	92
EDTA plasma(n=5)	89-103	94
UFH plasma(n=5)	90-96	93

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human AXIN1 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	87-103%	90-104%	85-105%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	83-100%	82-100%	89-99%
UFH plasma(n=5)	86-100%	81-94%	80-97%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

O15169

UniProt Protein Function:	axin 1: is a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, which is critical in stem cell signaling, morphogenesis, the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and many cancers. Axin-1 functions as a tumor suppressor. Probably facilitates the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and APC by GSK3B, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis. Wild-type axin 1 can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular and colorectal cancer cells. Is downregulated during progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mutation of the axin-1 gene is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, medulloblastoma and colorectal cancer. May have a role in oncogenesis in Hodgkin lymphoma. Axin1/2 mediate cross-talk between TGF-beta and Wnt signaling pathways.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Tumor suppressor; Adaptor/scaffold Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 16p13.3 Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; cytoplasmic microtubule; cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicle; postsynaptic density; cytoplasm; cell cortex; cytoplasmic vesicle; cytosol; beta-catenin destruction complex; nucleus; lateral plasma membrane Molecular Function:protein C-terminus binding; identical protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; protein self-association; p53 binding; beta-catenin binding; protein kinase binding; GTPase activator activity; signal transducer activity; protein binding; receptor signaling complex scaffold activity; enzyme binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; protein complex scaffold; SMAD binding; receptor binding Biological Process: cell death; protein polyubiquitination; negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway; apoptosis; embryonic eye morphogenesis; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; positive regulation of JNK cascade; negative regulation of protein metabolic process; dorsal/ventral axis specification; nucleocytoplasmic transport; Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin; olfactory placode formation; activation of JNK activity; cytoplasmic microtubule organization and biogenesis; sensory perception of sound; positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity; Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment; protein catabolic process; protein homooligomerization; axial mesoderm formation; in utero embryonic development; positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; muscle cell development; negative regulation of fat cell differentiation; optic placode formation; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; cellular protein complex assembly; positive regulation of protein ubiquitination; positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; forebrain anterior/posterior pattern formation; activation of protein kinase activity; positive regulation of protein catabolic process; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; determination of left/right symmetry; positive regulation of GTPase activity Disease: Caudal Duplication Anomaly; Hepatocellular Carcinoma
UniProt Code:	O15169
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	27501450
NCBI Gene ID:	8312
NCBI Accession:	NP_003493.1
UniProt Secondary Accession:	O15169,Q4TT26, Q4TT27, Q86YA7, Q8WVW6, Q96S28,
UniProt Related Accession:	O15169
Molecular Weight:	862
NCBI Full Name:	axin-1 isoform a
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	axin 1
NCBI Official Symbol:	AXIN1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	AXIN; PPP1R49
NCBI Protein Information:	axin-1; axis inhibitor 1; fused, mouse, homolog of; axis inhibition protein 1; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 49
UniProt Protein Name:	Axin-1
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Axis inhibition protein 1
Protein Family:	Axin
UniProt Gene Name:	AXIN1
UniProt Entry Name:	AXIN1_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.