| Background: | This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. This cytokine is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. |
| UniProt Protein Function: | CCL5: Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. Binds to CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T- cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second processed form RANTES(4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES(1-68) and RANTES(3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils. By mitogens. T-cell and macrophage specific. Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Chemokine; Secreted; Cell adhesion; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Secreted, signal peptide Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 17q12 Cellular Component: extracellular space; cytoplasm; extracellular region Molecular Function:protein homodimerization activity; protein self-association; receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity; protein kinase activity; protein binding; CCR1 chemokine receptor binding; CCR4 chemokine receptor binding; chemokine receptor binding; chemokine activity; chemokine receptor antagonist activity; phospholipase activator activity; CCR5 chemokine receptor binding; chemoattractant activity Biological Process: regulation of chronic inflammatory response; exocytosis; positive regulation of cell adhesion; response to toxin; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; chemotaxis; positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin; protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion; positive regulation of translational initiation; monocyte chemotaxis; leukocyte adhesion; cell-cell signaling; positive chemotaxis; calcium ion transport; positive regulation of innate immune response; protein kinase B signaling cascade; lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; dendritic cell chemotaxis; positive regulation of T cell proliferation; inflammatory response; protein tetramerization; phospholipase D activation; positive regulation of viral genome replication; neutrophil activation; negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; response to virus; MAPKKK cascade; positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process; macrophage chemotaxis; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; cellular protein complex assembly; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; negative regulation of viral genome replication; eosinophil chemotaxis; positive regulation of calcium ion transport; regulation of insulin secretion; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of phosphorylation; positive regulation of cell migration; regulation of T cell activation |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. This cytokine is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013] |
| UniProt Code: | P13501 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 6175077 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 6352 |
| NCBI Accession: | P13501.3 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | P13501,O43646, Q0QVW8, Q4ZGJ1, Q9NYA2, Q9UBG2, Q9UC99 |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P13501 |
| Molecular Weight: | 91 |
| NCBI Full Name: | C-C motif chemokine 5 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | CCL5 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | SISd; eoCP; SCYA5; RANTES; TCP228; D17S136E; SIS-delta |
| NCBI Protein Information: | C-C motif chemokine 5; beta-chemokine RANTES; T-cell specific protein p288; eosinophil chemotactic cytokine; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 5; regulated upon activation, normally T-expressed, and presumably secreted |
| UniProt Protein Name: | C-C motif chemokine 5 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | EoCP; Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine; SIS-delta; Small-inducible cytokine A5; T cell-specific protein P228; TCP228; T-cell-specific protein RANTESCleaved into the following 2 chains:RANTES(3-68); RANTES(4-68) |
| Protein Family: | C-C motif chemokine |
| UniProt Gene Name: | CCL5 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | CCL5_HUMAN |
