Background: | Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a mature azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antimicrobial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. |
UniProt Protein Function: | AZU1: This is a neutrophil granule-derived antibacterial and monocyte- and fibroblast-specific chemotactic glycoprotein. Binds heparin. The cytotoxic action is limited to many species of Gram- negative bacteria; this specificity may be explained by a strong affinity of the very basic N-terminal half for the negatively charged lipopolysaccharides that are unique to the Gram-negative bacterial outer envelope. It may play a role in mediating recruitment of monocytes in the second wave of inflammation. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-nagative bacterium P.aeruginosa, this activity is inhibited by LPS from P.aeruginosa. Acting alone, it does not have antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria A.actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29532, A.actinomycetemcomitans NCTC 9709, A.actinomycetemcomitans FDC-Y4, H.aphrophilus ATCC 13252, E.corrodens ATCC 23834, C.sputigena ATCC 33123, Capnocytophaga sp ATCC 33124, Capnocytophaga sp ATCC 27872 or E.coli ML-35. Has antibacterial activity against C.sputigena ATCC 33123 when acting synergistically with either elastase or cathepsin G. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily. |
UniProt Protein Details: | Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19p13.3 Cellular Component: azurophil granule; extracellular region Molecular Function:heparin binding; toxin binding; serine-type endopeptidase activity Biological Process: positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process; positive regulation of cell adhesion; microglial cell activation; glial cell migration; proteolysis; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; macrophage chemotaxis; induction of positive chemotaxis; cellular extravasation; monocyte activation; positive regulation of phagocytosis; positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process; protein kinase C activation; positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process; protein processing; immune response; regulation of vascular permeability; inflammatory response; negative regulation of apoptosis |
NCBI Summary: | Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. The protein encoded by this gene is an azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antimicrobial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014] |
UniProt Code: | P20160 |
NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 416746 |
NCBI Gene ID: | 566 |
NCBI Accession: | P20160.3 |
UniProt Secondary Accession: | P20160,P80014, Q52LG4, Q9UCM1, Q9UCT5, |
UniProt Related Accession: | P20160 |
Molecular Weight: | 251 |
NCBI Full Name: | Azurocidin |
NCBI Synonym Full Names: | azurocidin 1 |
NCBI Official Symbol: | AZU1 |
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | AZU; HBP; NAZC; AZAMP; CAP37; HUMAZUR |
NCBI Protein Information: | azurocidin; neutrophil azurocidin; heparin-binding protein; cationic antimicrobial protein 37; cationic antimicrobial protein CAP37 |
UniProt Protein Name: | Azurocidin |
UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Cationic antimicrobial protein CAP37; Heparin-binding protein; HBP |
Protein Family: | Azurocidin |
UniProt Gene Name: | AZU1 |
UniProt Entry Name: | CAP7_HUMAN |